The Canadian Mosaic in the Workplace

On the 8^th of October 1971, Canada became the first country in the world to declare multiculturalism as its state policy, and the Broadcasting Act of 1991 asserts that the Canadian system should reflect the diversity of cultures in the country (Kymlicka, 2012).

Through some examples and testimonies of employees from Canadian companies, we will try to understand and illustrate how the Canadian mosaic is present and important in the professional world.

Canadian corporations not only have a moral responsibility to embrace diversity in hiring, it makes good business sense, the head of TD Bank Group says. Moreover, public companies have the duty to hire employees with best skills and practices, while keeping in mind that in a country as multicultural as Canada, the hiring process must be inclusive (Yew, 2012). A study held by Cedric Herring, professor of sociology at the University of Illinois at Chicago, suggests that diversity produces tangible benefits for a business. According to the analysis companies with high racial diversity were more likely to report higher-than-average market share (72%) and profitability (72%), compared to companies with medium diversity (66% and 61%) and low diversity (54% and 52%) (Amble, 2006).

Of course when a hiring person from diverse horizons is a plus to a company that is working with diverse country, but also it can bring a rich diverse environment to the employees. For example, Fiona Easton,

manager of diversity and inclusiveness at TELUS, is talking about Multiculturalism Day in Canada, and how she discovered with her friends a new gastronomy thanks to one of her colleges. “The idea to try stuffed grape leaves came to me from Michel Selim, a member of our TELUS Diversity & Inclusiveness Council.  During one of our conversations, Michel mentioned one of his favorite dishes his mother makes is stuffed grape leaves – which remind him of his childhood in Syria. In travelling to many countries around the world, I have had the privilege to experience unique and fascinating cultures.  Allowing ourselves to OPEN OUR MINDS to different traditions, we LEARN, GROW and GAIN NEW PERSPECTIVES ̶   seeing opportunities and possibilities we may have otherwise overlooked.”  What Fiona is saying here is that diversity always brings something new to our perceptive, and in a professional environment it is essential to have as many perceptive and ideas as possible in order to be unique and also to always renew the service the company is offering.  Diversity brings progress especially in a country like Canada (Easton, 2012).

Tim Horton is one of the favorite brand Canadian people cherish. This coffee company created in 1964, counts today more than 3000 stores in the country (Loppinot, 2010).

In a TV spot the company released during the Olympic games, we can understand  how unique the Canadian culture is:

This commercial is a good illustration of the multiculturalism policy in Canada, by showing an Afro-American man welcoming his family who apparently came to live in the country for the first time.

M. Barefoot who commented on this TV ad said:” My American friends explained that this commercial would never, ever air in the United States. They said that there’s simply too much ill will and anger around immigration. It would mean corporate suicide for a big company to run this piece in the States.” This is a good example of Tim Horton’s strategy to attract all kind of Canadian inhabitants and we can see here the unique Canadian culture and how it can be different from the American one. (Barefoot, 2010).

Ophélie Bourgeois

Sources:

 Amble, B. (2006, August 17). More diversity brings increased profitability. Récupéré sur Management-issues: http://www.management-issues.com/news/3503/more-diversity-brings-increased-profitability/

Barefoot, D. (2010, February 24). Tim Hortons and the Immigrant Experience. Récupéré sur DarrenBareFoot.com: http://www.darrenbarefoot.com/archives/2010/02/tim-hortons-and-the-immigrant-experience.html

Easton, F. (2012). How I’ll be celebrating Canadian Multiculturalism Day. Récupéré sur Telus: http://blog.telus.com/community/how-ill-be-celebrating-canadian-multiculturalism-day/

Kymlicka, W. (2012, February). Multiculturalism: Success, Failure, and the Future. Récupéré sur Migration Policy: http://www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/multiculturalism.pdf

Loppinot, D. d. (2010, January). Top 15 des meilleurs franchises. Récupéré sur MSN Finance: http://finances.ca.msn.com/photos/galeriedephotos.aspx?cp-documentid=23189475&page=3

Yew, M. A.-T. (2012, October 3). Diversity makes good business sense: TD Bank boss. Récupéré sur thestar.com: http://www.thestar.com/business/2012/10/03/diversity_makes_good_business_sense_td_bank_boss.html

CANADA: A CULTURAL MOSAIC

In the last articles of this blog, we’ve been mainly talking about Korea and its adaptation to the new wave of foreigners within different institutions such as universities, transports, touristic infrastructures and restaurants. We will know jump to another area, Canada and North America, which was also part of our program. Amélie and I both experienced living in Canada which is a real melting pot of people from very different origin and however living all together. Therefore, I will explain in this article what is the particularity of Canada and its culture.

Canada is one of the most culturally diverse country in the world attributable to its history and its immigration policy. We observe in every big cities of the country a large variety of shops and restaurants from all over the world; communities of Indian, Chinese, Italian and others are settled pretty much everywhere and they are connected and united to each others.  The country has people from more than 200 countries of origin , and in 2010 the country received around 280,000 migrants from Philippines, India and China as a top 3 of country of origin (Citizenship and Immigration Canada, 2011).

Table 4: Permanent Residents Admitted in 2010, by Top 10 Source Countries (Citizenship and Immigration Canada, 2011)
Rank	Country	Number	Percentage
1	Philippines	36,578	13.0%
2	India	30,252	10.8%
3	People’s Republic of China	30,197	10.8%
4	United Kingdom	9,499	3.4%
5	United States of America	9,243	3.3%
6	France	6,934	2.5%
7	Iran	6,815	2.4%
8	United Arab Emirates	6,796	2.4%
9	Morocco	5,946	2.1%
10	Republic of Korea	5,539	2.0%
Total Top 10		147,799	52.7%
All Other Source Countries		132,882	47.3%
TOTAL		280,681	100.0%

 

Many of the migrants arriving in Canada are temporary residents such as foreign workers, as part of the Canada’s economic growth, international students, thanks to the diversity of the educational system and visitors for pleasure or business. As a result, a part of the foreign workers and international students will apply for the Canadian citizenship after living in the country for few years (Citizenship and Immigration Canada, 2011). For those reasons, the country is populated by people from very distinctive culture, however they succeed to live together in the same country known for its serenity.

The question that comes to mind then is how to define the Canadian culture if there are people from all over the world?  There is no real definition of the Canadian culture. It is a nation that believes in peace, order and good government. People are gentle, tolerant, helpful and trustful. Nevertheless, the rest of world tends to compare Canada and the USA as the same culture, but the big difference here is that Canada doesn’t need to adapt to its inhabitants, students or tourists because the population has a culture awareness that make people respect each other’s customs without dropping its own origin or culture. Canadians adapt the common community standards, which make the country so ethnically rich, whereas USA inhabitants encourage a form of nationalism and pride to be part of the American culture only: Unity VS Diversity that what differentiate those two similar but very different countries that are the USA and Canada (Beaver, 2013).

What we can remember from this exception, is that Canada’s people found the way to keep their own culture, values and origins but they still adapted to a common culture that respect each other and create a unique and rich ethnical heritage to one of the biggest country of the world and also one of the most tolerant country , Canada, the land of 200 languages.

Beaver, O. (2013, May 9). Seeing the similarities in Canada’s different cultures. Récupéré sur Inside Halton: http://www.insidehalton.com/opinion-story/3067777-seeing-the-similarities-in-canada-s-different-cultures/

Citizenship and Immigration Canada. (2011, 10 27). Récupéré sur Governlent of Canada: http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/publications/annual-report-2011/section2.asp#part2_1

Ophélie Bourgeois

Transportation in Paris

The analysis of the city of Paris will begin with its public transports, as we previously studied Seoul subway and bus systems.

We’ll see below that the Parisian subway system is more adapted to foreign visitors than buses that are lacking of translations and we’ll try to compare this public transport network with Seoul’s.

                                                                                   

The website of Paris public transport: www.ratp.fr is entirely available in English and the section targeting tourists can be read in Italian, German, Spanish, Dutch and Japanese. This category gives information about how to buy a ticket, how to go to airports, or on tours… An application for smartphones is also available in those different languages and a paper guide summarizing this information is offered in French with English translation.

Another brochure, entitled “Metro & RER travel guide”, exists to guide step by step visitors in their use of the Parisian subway.

Multilingual vending machines selling tickets are present in most subway and RER stations.

For most used lines, within trains and on decks, prevention messages and security measures are announced in French, English, German, Italian, Spanish and Japanese. A good thing would to homogenize this service to every subway lines and every transport mode: RER, bus, etc.

If we take a look at buses, the city still has some way to go, indeed the bus system offers very little, if none, translations. This probably comes from the fact that tourists barely use buses as the subway is considered to be the easiest and fastest way to move and go from one place to another inside the city, as it avoids traffic.

Fortunately, several bus tours exist for tourists that want to move within Paris from one touristy spot to another conveniently. Those bus tours are very popular because routes can be tailormade to individual requirements. Ticket can bought online, on a website available in French, English, Italian, Spanish and German.

Regarding taxis, the city of Paris supports the association “Paris Capitale Taxis” which goal is to improve the quality of the ride offering taxi drivers a training to learn English and have a better understanding of the job. This offer is, of course, optional and based on volunteering. It is taxi drivers’ choice to use that service.

Methods of payment are not homogenized between the different transportation modes, like it is in Seoul. Indeed, payment and buying a ticket must be really complicated for foreign visitors as the price and the ticket will depend on where you are going and which transport you’re planning to use. Paris and its suburb are divided into several geographical zones that define the price of the ticket, so if visitors are planning to go to less touristy places outside Paris center or airports, buying a subway ticket might become difficult for them. Moreover, once a ticket has been validated in the subway for example, it cannot be used again to take the bus, even right after, and vice versa.

All of this is very complicated to understand for someone that is not used to it and it is even harder for someone that does not speak the local language. (Of course, this information is only valid for people that do not live in Paris. Parisian people own a magnetic card that makes their movements and payment easier).

Maybe the city should make an effort on this matter and try to develop a more efficient and easiest system for temporary journeys.

Nevertheless, the tourism information office offers a large range of passes to facilitate visitors’ stay in Paris, such as the “Paris city passport” which can be tailored to tourists needs according to the length of their stay and what do they want to visit. This card gives its users access to public transportation (bus, tram, subway & RER) as well as touristy spots such as museums, bus tours, etc. The aim of this product is to save time and benefit from discounts.

Looking at foreign visitors’ opinions on travelling websites and forums, we can notice that most of them would prefer to take the bus because you can see more of the city and there are no stairs to climb but using public buses in Paris as a foreigner can be quite hard so most of them use the subway to go from one place to another.

Even though adjustments concerning languages have been made already, more translations efforts should be made in stops and within transports.

Like in Seoul, buses remain difficult for foreigner to use without any preparation; thanks to its translations, map and guides, the subway system is more user-friendly for foreign visitors. The homogeneous payment system for transportation in Seoul is a great advantage compared to the various tickets Paris transportation system offers. Because calculation of the price of the ride was automatic in Seoul, foreigners are not afraid to make a mistake when buying a ticket like they can be in Paris.